Groundwater quality is a critical concern in geotechnical engineering, as it directly impacts the structural integrity of constructions and the environment. In this field, engineers must consider the natural water table and its quality to prevent contamination that could weaken building foundations or harm local ecosystems. By conducting thorough groundwater assessments, geotechnical engineers identify potential pollutants and their sources, ensuring that construction projects do not adversely affect this vital resource. These evaluations are essential for designing effective drainage and containment systems that protect groundwater from construction-related contaminants.«The impact of intentional stormwater infiltration on soil and groundwater »
Karst topography is a concern for groundwater quality due to its unique characteristics. Karst features like sinkholes, caves, and underground channels provide a direct pathway for surface contaminants to enter the groundwater system. As water flows through karst formations, it can easily dissolve and transport pollutants, leading to contamination of drinking water supplies. Additionally, the rapid conduits and interconnected nature of the karst aquifers make it difficult to predict and manage the movement of contaminants, making it challenging to protect groundwater quality in karst regions.«Initial effects of a new highway section on soil and groundwater »
| Parameter | Typical Values | Units | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| pH | 7.2 - 6.8 | - | Measures the acidity or alkalinity of the groundwater. |
| Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) | 546 - 920 | mg/L | Indicates the concentration of dissolved substances. |
| Electrical Conductivity (EC) | 173 - 1426 | µS/cm | Reflects the ability of groundwater to conduct electricity. |
| Hardness | 104 - 298 | mg/L as CaCO3 | Caused mainly by calcium and magnesium in the water. |
| Chloride (Cl-) | 28 - 221 | mg/L | Can indicate pollution from saltwater intrusion or sewage. |
| Sulfate (SO4 2-) | 26 - 222 | mg/L | High levels can indicate industrial or agricultural pollution. |
| Nitrate (NO3-) | 1 - 10 | mg/L | Elevated levels often result from agricultural runoff. |
| Iron (Fe) | 0.3 - 8.0 | mg/L | High levels can stain fixtures and have a metallic taste. |
| Manganese (Mn) | 0.1 - 1.6 | mg/L | Similar concerns as iron can also stain fixtures. |
| Arsenic (As) | < 0.01 | mg/L | Toxic at high levels can be natural or from industrial waste. |
| Lead (Pb) | < 0.015 | mg/L | Toxic metal can leach from old pipes and solder. |
| Bacteria (E. coli Coliforms) | 0 | MPN/100mL | Presence indicates fecal contamination. |
Groundwater quality is a critical factor that geotechnical engineers need to consider when conducting projects related to soil mechanics, foundation design, and construction. Understanding the quality of groundwater is crucial for ensuring the stability and durability of structures, as well as for protecting the environment and human health. By assessing the chemical composition, contamination levels, and flow characteristics of groundwater, geotechnical engineers can make informed decisions about site suitability, soil treatment, and potential impacts of construction activities on water resources. Ultimately, the integration of groundwater quality considerations into geotechnical engineering practices is vital for sustainable and responsible development.«Contamination of soil and groundwater due to stormwater infiltration practices a literature review»
Groundwater quality depends on various factors, including the characteristics of the surrounding geology, land use practices, proximity to pollution sources, and natural processes such as rainfall and recharge rates. Human activities, such as agriculture, industrial practices, and waste disposal, can also impact groundwater quality by introducing pollutants into the system. Monitoring and management of these factors are essential to ensure the protection and preservation of groundwater resources for drinking water supply and environmental sustainability.«Quality for drinking and irrigation purposes»
The different types of groundwater sources can be classified as confined or unconfined aquifers. Confined aquifers are located beneath impermeable layers, receiving water from distant sources. Unconfined aquifers are close to the surface and receive water primarily from surface infiltration. Other types of groundwater sources include springs, which occur where groundwater naturally emerges at the Earth's surface, and artesian wells, which tap into confined aquifers and produce groundwater under pressure. Additionally, there are also regional and local aquifers, which describe the scale and extent of the groundwater source in a particular area.«Groundwater contamination potential from stormwater infiltration practices »
Impurities commonly found in groundwater include dissolved minerals like calcium, magnesium, and iron. Contaminants may also be present, such as bacteria, viruses, pesticides, heavy metals (lead, arsenic), nitrates, and organic compounds from industrial, agricultural, or household sources. The presence and levels of impurities vary depending on the geological characteristics of the aquifer, land use activities, and nearby pollution sources. To ensure safe use of groundwater, regular monitoring and treatment may be necessary to remove or reduce these impurities before consumption.«Initial effects of a new highway section on soil and groundwater »
The most common groundwater contaminant is nitrate. Nitrate is often found in groundwater due to agricultural activities, such as the use of fertilizers and animal waste. High levels of nitrate in drinking water can be harmful to human health, especially for infants and pregnant women. Proper management and monitoring of agricultural practices are essential to prevent and reduce nitrate contamination in groundwater.«Futminna institutional repository: assessing the effects of aladimma dumpsite on soil and groundwater using water quality index and factor analysis»
